Analisis Kedalaman Pemotongan Terhadap Distribusi Gaya Pemotongan Pada Bed Mesin Bubut

Abstract

This study aims to determine the magnitude of cutting forces, describe and identify the reaction
forces on the base (bed) of a lathe machine, and to find the relationship between depth of cut and
the reaction forces on the machine bed resulting from the distribution of cutting forces during the
turning process. The experiment was carried out by turning a concrete iron rod (low carbon steel)
with a diameter of 25 mm. The turning process was conducted by varying the depth of cut from
0.125 mm to 0.625 mm (with 0.125 mm intervals), spindle speeds of 85, 180, 540, and 800 rpm, and
feed rates of 0.1 mm/rev and 0.2 mm/rev. The analysis of the cutting force distribution on the
machine bed resulted in the identification of reaction forces and torque moments.The results show
that an increase in cutting depth leads to an increase in cutting force, which in turn increases the
reaction forces and torque moments on the bed of the machine due to the distribution of cutting
forces. The components of the cutting force are as follows: tangential force = 72–81%, longitudinal
(axial) force = 55–60%, and radial force = 27–31% of the total cutting force.The reaction forces
acting on the machine bed include forces distributed along the bed, which are equivalent to the
longitudinal (axial) force component, and downward forces acting on the middle part of the bed.
Torque moments occur at both ends of the bed, specifically under the headstock and tailstock (in
the clockwise direction). The final results indicate that torque moments have the most significant
impact on the structural safety of the machine bed. The magnitude of the reaction force at the center